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As of 2013, roughly 3,106 living and fossil termite species have been recognised, categorized in 12 households. The infraorder Isoptera is split into the following clade and family groups, showing that the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species have been restricted to moderate tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all environmental groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

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As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three ecological groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are generally modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites would be the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not have a set of eyes. However, some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes which they utilize for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

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Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen using 2 plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like those in cockroaches but are more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in penile alates, and the sperm is either immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females have an ovipositor, a feature strikingly like this in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, and therefore they also rely on their legs. The appearance try this website of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, located between the claws, which can be present in species that climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings https://innovativepestcontroladelaide.com.au/ and fore-wings are of equal length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique would be to launch themselves in the air and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to bigger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.

Caste method of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Soldiers F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the most labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The process of worker termites feeding different nestmates is known as trophallaxis.